The effect of sex on home range in an urban population of European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus at the southern edge of the species distribution

The effect of sex on home range in an urban population of European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus at the southern edge of the species distribution. As the transformation of natural habitats into urban environments increases, some species, such as hedgehogs, are able to adapt and thrive. Six hedgehogs, three males and three females, were tagged with radio–transmitters and tracked for three nights in the University of Alicante campus to study the effect of sex on their home range size, distance travelled per night, and night activity pattern. Time invested in several activities was also analyzed. Males showed larger home ranges than females (mean ± SD) (♂: 27.7 ha ± 19.2; ♀: 5.5 ha ± 3.4) and travelled longer distances per night (mean ♂: 1,077 m ± 251.18; ♀: 504 m ± 156.37). Activity rhythm through the night presented a bimodal pattern but differed between sexes. Males tended to be on the move significantly more often than females (♂: 38.7 %; ♀: 24.8 %) while females foraged more often than males (♂: 1.4 %; ♀: 9.2 %).El efecto del sexo en el área de campeo de una población urbana de erizos europeos Erinaceus europaeus en el extremo sur de la distribución de la especie. En la creciente transformación de los hábitats naturales en entornos urbanos, algunas especies como el erizo pueden adaptarse y prosperar. Seis erizos, tres machos y tres hembras, fueron equipados con radiotransmisores y seguidos durante tres noches en el campus de la Universidad de Alicante con el fin de estudiar el efecto del sexo sobre el área de campeo, la distancia recorrida por noche y el patrón de actividad nocturna. También se analizó el tiempo invertido en diferentes actividades. Los machos presentaron áreas de campeo mayores que las hembras (media ± DE) (♂: 27,7 ha ± 19,2; ♀: 5,5 ha ± 3,4) y recorrieron distancias mayores por noche (media ♂: 1.077 m ± 251,18; ♀: 504 m ± 156,37). El ritmo de actividad durante la noche presentó un patrón bimodal, pero difirió entre sexos. Los machos tendieron a estar en movimiento con una frecuencia significativamente mayor que las hembras (♂: 38,7 %; ♀: 24,8 %), mientras que las hembras invirtieron más tiempo en forrajear (♂: 1,4 %; ♀: 9,2 %)

Composition, richness and abundance of Coleoptera associated to semideciduous forests and ruderal vegetation in Sierra del Rosario, Cuba

En tres bosques semideciduos y en tres tipos de vegetación ruderal del Área Protegida de Recursos Manejados Mil Cumbres (Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba), se analizan las comunidades de coleópteros y se las compara respecto a la composición, riqueza, abundancia, diversidad, equitatividad, ordenación y complementariedad. La composición de coleópteros conocida hasta el momento es de 166 especies, incluidas en 75 géneros y 34 familias. La vegetación ruderal presentaó mayor riqueza y abundancia que los bosques semideciduos. El bosque y la vegetación ruderal de Pan de Guajaibón exhibieron los valores más altos de riqueza, abundancia y número de especies únicas. Ambas formaciones vegetales de Sierra Chiquita presentaron la mayor diversidad y equitatividad. Las comunidades de coleópteros más afines estaban entre los bosques y entre la vegetaciones ruderales en Forneguera y Pan de Guajaibón. Cada bosque y tipo de vegetación ruderal presentaba especies exclusivas.In three semideciduous forests and in three types of ruderal vegetation within the Mil Cumbres Protected Area of Managed Resources (Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba), the beetle communities were analyzed and compared for composition, richness, abundance, diversity, equitability, ordination and complementarity. A total of 166 species of 75 genera and 34 families were recorded. Ruderal vegetation showed higher values of richness and abundance than the semideciduous forests. The forest and ruderal vegetation of Pan de Guajaibón showed the highest values of species richness, abundance and number of unique species. Both plant communities of Sierra Chiquita presented the highest diversity and equitability values. The most similar beetle communities were between forests and between ruderal vegetation types at Forneguera and Pan de Guajaibón. Each forest and ruderal vegetation type had exclusive species

Population tendency of the magpie (Pica pica) in the period 1994-2009 at the mouth of the Millars river (Castelló)

Aquesta nota mostra la tendència poblacional de la garsa (Pica pica) al llarg del kilòmetre 1 (des de la línea de costa, riu amunt) del paisatge protegit de la Desembocadura del riu Millars (Castelló), per al període comprés de 1994-2009 (16 anys). Els resultats se centren en censos realitzats a la zona mitjançant el mètode del transecte lineal duts a terme 3 o 4 vegades al mes. L’espècie se censa per primera vegada l’any 1997 i des l’aleshores mostra una tendència a l’alça sobretot a partir de 2003 i molt especialment en els dos últims (2008-2009). S’ha estabilitzat una abundància mitjana de 8,3 aus/km. Pel que fa a les correlacions amb la meteorologia, en els anys més freds presenta menor abundància que en els càlids. Els hiverns càlids podrien permetre major supervivència i, a més, major disponibilitat de recursos amb els quals assegurar un bon nombre de polls. L’espècie troba en la zona suficients recursos tròfics per sobreviure i un lloc excel·lent on lliurar-se de la pressió cinegètica.This note shows the population trend of the magpie (Pica pica) over 1 kilometer (up river from the coast line) of the protected landscape of the mouth of the Mijares river (Castellón), for the period of 1994-2009 (16 years). I focus on census conducted in the area by the method of linear transect, carried out 3 or 4 times every month. The species was registered for the first time in 1997 and since then it shows an upward trend, especially after 2003 and more so in the last two years (2008-2009). Abundance has stabilized arround an average of 8.3 birds/km. Regarding correlations with weather, the species presented lower abundance in cold years than in warm ones. Cool winters could allow higher survival rates and increased resources availability to breed a higher number of youngs. The species founds in the area sufficient food resources to survive and an excellent place to avoid hunting pressure

Clutch size in great tits (Parus major) in orange-groves of Valencia and in the holm oak forest of Monte Poblet (Tarragona)

La estación de nidificación del Carbonero Común (Parus major) en la franja mediterránea ibérica comienza en abril y finaliza en julio. No obstante, la fecha media de puesta es diferente en distintas localidades. El tamaño medio de la puesta gira en torno a los 7 huevos por nido en las localidades estudiadas. Este valor es diferente del tamaño de la puesta al norte de los Pirineos y en regiones más occidentales de la Península Ibérica.In the Iberian Mediterranean area, the Great Tit's breeding season starts in April and finishes in July, but the mean laying date differs in different areas. The mean clutch size is about 7 eggs in the study sites. This values is significantly lower than mean clutch size both in more northern localities and in Salamanca (western Spain)

Elaboración de modelos de la distribución de la tórtola europea (Streptopelia turtur L. 1758) en el sureste de la península ibérica

The European turtle dove population and breeding range has declined sharply in Spain. This study reanalyses data from the Atlas of Breeding Birds in Alicante (SE Spain), aiming to identify the main variables related to its occurrence and abundance. We used hierarchical partitioning analysis to identify important environmental variables associated with natural vegetation, farming, hydrological web, anthropic presence, climate, and topography. Analysis combining the most explicative variables of each group identified the mixture of pines and scrubland in the semiarid areas and the length of unpaved roads as the most important variables with a positive effect on occurrence, while herbaceous crops and scrublands in dry ombrotype climate areas had the most important negative effect. Abundance was related only to the availability of water points. We discuss the implications of these findings for habitat management in conservation of this species.La población y el área de reproducción de la tórtola europea han disminuido considerablemente en España. En el presente estudio realizamos un nuevo análisis de los datos obtenidos para la elaboración del Atlas de Aves Reproductoras de Alicante (SE de España) con el objetivo de identificar las principales variables relacionadas con la presencia y la abundancia de esta especie. Utilizamos el análisis de partición jerárquica para identificar estas variables ambientales (vegetación natural, agricultura, red hidrológica, presencia antrópica, clima y topografía). El análisis que combinó las variables más explicativas de cada grupo permitió determinar que la mezcla de pinos y matorrales en zonas semiáridas y a lo largo de las carreteras sin asfaltar es la variable que tuvo el mayor efecto positivo en la presencia de la tórtola, mientras que la mezcla de cultivos herbáceos y matorrales en el ombrotipo seco es la que tuvo el mayor efecto negativo. La abundancia solo se relacionó con la disponibilidad de puntos de agua. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados con respecto a la gestión del hábitat para la conservación de esta especie

Dawn chorus interpretation differs when using songs or calls: the Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti case

Background: Territorial male songbirds vocalise intensively before sunrise and then decrease their vocal activity. This creates a communication network that disseminates essential information for both males and females. The function of dawn chorus in birds has been frequently interpreted according to seasonal variation of singing as the breeding season advances, but potential differences in seasonal variation of song and calls for the same species have not been taken into account. Methods: We chose Dupont's Lark as a model species to study whether the seasonal pattern of dawn chorus differs between singing and calling activity, because in this species most daily songs and calls are uttered at dawn. We registered vocal activity of Dupont's Lark males before and around dawn in three different populations, through repeated sampling over the entire breeding season of two consecutive years. Results: We found that dawn singing parameters remained constant or presented an increasing trend while dawn calling activity decreased as breeding season advanced. We also found different daily patterns for singing and calling, with birds calling mostly during the first 30 minutes of dawn choruses and singing peaking afterwards. Discussion: The different time patterns of songs and calls may indicate that they serve diverse functions at dawn in the Dupont's Lark. Relaxation of dawn calling activity after the first month of the breeding season would suggest that dawn calling may be mainly related to mate attraction, while constant dawn singing throughout the breeding period would support a relationship of dawn calling to territorial defence. Our study highlights that the type of vocalisation used is an important factor to consider in further research on dawn choruses, since results may differ depending on whether calls or songs are analysed.This research was supported by the project “Estudio aplicado a la conservación de la conservación de las poblaciones de alondra ricotí (Chersophilus duponti) en el entorno del municipio de Vallanca” funded by ‘Levantina y Asociado de Minerales, S.A.”

Ecological characterization of soil macrofauna in two evergreen forest sites at El Salón, Sierra del Rosario, Cuba

Se estudiaron la riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y composición funcional de la macrofauna del suelo en dos sitios de bosque siempreverde medio (Helechal y Vallecito), ubicados en la Reserva Ecológica El Salón de la Sierra del Rosario; y se analizaron con respecto a otros sistemas de uso de la tierra evaluados en Cuba. La macrofauna fue recolectada in situ, de monolitos de 25 × 25 × 20 cm extraídos del suelo. Se encontraron en este tipo de ecosistema, 34 familias de la macrofauna edáfica pertenecientes a 18 órdenes. El sitio Vallecito mostró una mayor riqueza de familias, densidad y diversidad de la macrofauna (34 familias, 1.298,5 individuos m-2 y H' = 2,72) en comparación con Helechal (19 familias, 749,2 individuos m-2 y H'= 2,57), aunque solo la riqueza arrojó diferencias significativas entre las dos localidades. La estacionalidad en el muestreo marcó las variaciones entre los sitios, el cual se realizó en un mes de lluvia en Helechal (octubre de 2009) y en un mes de seca en Vallecito (marzo de 2011). La composición funcional de la comunidad edáfica fue similar en ambos sitios, donde los gremios más sobresalientes fueron los detritívoros de la hojarasca, los ingenieros del suelo y los depredadores. No obstante, las familias dominantes dentro de cada grupo funcional cambiaron entre sitios. La estructura encontrada de la macrofauna fue muy parecida a la de otros bosques tropicales, y apenas cambió con relación a bosques secundarios estudiados en Cuba, pero sí respecto a sistemas más perturbados como pastizales y cultivos.The richness, abundance, diversity and functional composition of soil macrofauna were studied in two sites of the evergreen medium forest (Helechal and Vallecito), located at the Ecological Reserve El Salón from Sierra del Rosario; they were analyzed with respect to other land use systems evaluated in Cuba. The macrofauna was collected in situ from 25 × 25 × 20 cm monoliths extracted from the soil. In this type of ecosystem, 34 families of the edaphic macrofauna belonging to 18 orders were found. The Vallecito site showed higher families richness, density and diversity of the macrofauna (34 families, 1,298.5 individuals m-2 and H' = 2.72) compared to Helechal (19 families, 749.2 individuals m-2 and H' = 2.57). Although, only richness showed significant differences between the two locations. The seasonality in the sampling marked the variations between the sites, which was carried out during a rainy month in Helechal (October 2009) and during a dry month in Vallecito (March 2011). The functional composition of the edaphic community was similar in both sites, where the most outstanding guilds were litter detritivores, soil engineers and predators. However, the dominant families within each functional group changed between sites. The structure found of the macrofauna was very similar to those of other tropical forests, and hardly changed in relation to secondary forests studied in Cuba, although it did change in relation to more disturbed systems such as pastures and crops

Selección del paisaje urbano de la tórtola turca (Streptopelia decaocto) en el este de España

The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is an invasive species, and its distribution is continuously on the increase. Today its expansion has spread to the American continent. In this study we describe the effects of the urban environment on the Eurasian collared dove in eastern Spain. The abundance and presence of this dove were analyzed in 46 localities using counting points. Overall, 220-point counts were surveyed between autumn 2015 and late-winter 2016. A hierarchical partitioning analysis was used to identify explanatory variables of different types such as resources, climate and urban structure, and human presence, which may influence the presence and abundance of this species. In the case of presence, the number of town inhabitants, parks, mean minimum temperature, exotic vegetation and schools had a positive association, while pedestrian number and restaurants had a negative association. Abundance was positively related to native vegetation, exotic vegetation, and water, while urban area was negatively associated with it. Exotic vegetation was the only variable that has a positive relation to presence and abundance. These results can help to predict the use of urban habitats in potential localities for its invasion.La tórtola turca (Streptopelia decaocto) es una especie invasora y su ámbito de distribución aumenta continuamente. Hoy en día, su expansión incluye el continente americano. En este estudio se describen los efectos que el ambiente urbano tiene sobre la tórtola turca en el este de España. Se muestrearon 46 localidades mediante puntos de conteo. La abundancia de la tórtola turca fue evaluada en 220 puntos de conteo entre otoño de 2015 y finales de invierno 2016. Se utilizó el análisis de partición jerárquica para identificar variables explicativas como recursos, clima y estructura urbana, y presencia humana, que pueden influir en su presencia y abundancia. En el caso de la presencia de la especie, el número de habitantes de la ciudad, parques, temperatura media, vegetación exótica y colegios tuvieron una asociación positiva, mientras que el número de peatones y los restaurantes estuvieron negativamente asociados. La abundancia estuvo positivamente relacionada con la vegetación nativa, vegetación exótica y el agua, mientras que la zona urbana estuvo negativamente asociada. Estos resultados pueden predecir el uso de hábitats urbanos en localidades potenciales para su invasión.This research was partially supported by a PhD grant of the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund (E. B-P., grant number ACIF/2018/015)

Drivers of migrant passerine composition at stopover islands in the western Mediterranean

Clues used by migrant birds to select sites for stopover are much less known than their reasons for leaving. Habitat characteristics and geographical location may affect the decision to use an island as a stopover site in different ways for different species. Thus, abundance and composition of migrants may be expected to differ between islands. Using standardized ringing from 9 western Mediterranean islands we evaluate drivers of abundance of trans-Saharan migrant passerines, specifically the role of species continental abundance, island characteristics and geographical location. Although continental abundance is a main driver of migrant composition on all islands migrant composition differs between them. Redundancy analysis and species response models revealed that the main drivers were distance to the nearest land toward the south, which has a positive effect on the number of migrants of most species, and island area, which appears as an important cue used for selecting a stopover island. Species whose abundance is positively related to island area have more pointed wings while species affected by distance to land toward the south have relatively more rounded wings. This suggests a hypothesis on the mechanism that may generate differences in passerine migrant composition between islands based on better efficiency of more pointed wings for long-distance flight